Tetrasila-adamatane compounds

ABSTRACT

ARE USEDFURL AS EMULSIFIERS.   (NORBORNAN-2-YL)-CH2-NH-   THE SULFATE SALTS OF TETRASILA-ADAMANTANE COMPOUNDS IN WHICH AT LEAST ONE SILICON ATOM IS SUBSTITUTED WITH A NITROGEN-CONTAINING RADICAL, SUCH AS

United States Patent 3,776,915 TETRASILA-ADAMANTANE COMPOUNDS Cecil L. Frye, Midland, and Jerome M. Klosowski, Monitor Township, Bay County, Mich., assignors to Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Mich. No Drawing. Filed Mar. 1, 1972, Ser. No. 230,937 Int. Cl. C07d 103/02 US. Cl. 260-29356 21 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The sulfate salts of tetrasila-adamantane compounds in which at least one silicon atom is substituted with a nitrogen-containing radical, such as H i \l are useful as emulsifiers.

This invention relates to novel tetrasila-adamantanes which have at least one nitrogen-containing substituent. In one aspect, the invention relates to new emulsifying agents.

Tetrasila-adamantane compounds can be represented by the structural formula CH, CH; CH: Sl-CH: /S1 CH: ll CH:

Si I

Thiscage structure, whose four brideghead silicon atoms are tetrahedrally arranged, forms a tetravalent nucleus which can be conveniently represented by the symbol Ad. The methyl-substituted tetrasila-adamantane, (CH Ad, has been produced by the pyrolysis of tetramethylsilane at about 650 C.--see Fritz et al., "Carbosilanes, Advances in Inorganic and Radiochernistry, volume 7, page 349, Academic Press (1965). The chlorinated compound, AdCl was obtained in very low yield from the high temperature (500 C.) reaction of tetrachlorosilane and trimethylchlorosilane in the presence of aluminum chloride as reported in JACS, 83, 3345 1961). These compounds are stable to hydrolysis and the utility of such compound is limited; the only reported utility being that of mosquito repellency for the chloro-substituted tetrasila-adamantane compounds. Hydrogen-functional tetrasilia-adamantanes have been synthesized by reduction of the chlorinated compounds-see Sommer, Stereo-Chemistry, Mechanism and Silicon, McGraw- Hill (1965) at page 156.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provideynovel, useful tetrasila-adamantane compounds.

In accordance with the invention, there are provided 1,3,5,7-tetrasila-adamantane compounds of the general formula 3,776,915 Patented Dec. 4, 1973 ice radical wherein Q is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 9 inclusive carbon atoms; the

radical wherein Q is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and each R" is selected from the group consisting of R radicals and oxygen-substituted monovalent hydrocarbon radicals of no more than 8 carbon atoms containing oxygen in the form of hydroxyl groups; the

radical in which R' is independently selected from the group consisting of the hydrogen atom and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 inclusive carbon atoms and m is an integer having a value of 2 or 3; the tCH hNR: radical in which each R'" is selected from the group consisting of the hydrogen atom and nonvalent hydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation and containing no more than 8 carbon atoms and the --ONR' radical in which R' is as defined above; and each R substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of the methyl radical and R radicals.

The requisite nitrogen-containing substituent (R) can be of the formula NR' where R is as defined. The monovalent hydrocarbon radicals include alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, octyl, and dodecyl; alkenyl groups, such as allyl and hexenyl; cycloaliphatic groups, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cyclohexenyl; alkaryl or aralkyl groups such as benzyl and B-phenylethyl; and aryl groups such as phenyl, tolyl and naphthyl. The preferred R radicals are alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Also within the scope of R are substituents wherein Q is a diavlent hydrocarbon radical such as and the like.

When R is a -O-Q'N(R") substituent, Q can be any divalent hydrocarbon radical such as -CHi, -(CH (CH;)3, --(CHz)a--, CH-C-, -C1BHzt-,

aHs CH:

wherein R'" is independently selected from the group consisting of the hydrogen atom and alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 4 inclusive carbon atoms, such as methyl, isopropyl and butyl radicals.

When the nitrogen-containing R substituent is of the formula 'CH NR the nitrogen atom can be substituted with hydrogen atoms or monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, such as alkyl groups, for example, methyl, ethyl, butyl and octyl radicals; cycloa'liphatic groups, for example, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl radicals; and arylcontaining groups, for example, benzyl, fl-phenylethyl, flphenylpropyl, phenyl, tolyl and xylyl radicals.

Thus, compounds of the invention include (cmnAaU (oHmAdN (CHOz-Ad-(L 2 5 CHaAd 0(CH2) i N (CHmAd[CHzCHaCHrNH(-@CH3)1 2 and the like.

Except for those having (CH NR" functionality, the tetrasila-adamantanes of the invention are prepared by the reaction of (CH AdX., with RLi compounds in which X is a chlorine or bromine atom and y is an integer having a value of from 0 to 3. The halo-substituted tetrasila-adamantane precursors are most easily obtained by the aluminum halide rearrangement of silmethylene compounds, such as [(CH SiCH The rearrangement reaction yields a product mixture of (CH hAd, CH AdX (CHmA a 3)3 AdX and

with appreciable amounts of the monohalo product being obtained at catalyst (AlCl or AlBrlevels of from 20 to percent by weight based on the Weight of silmethylene precursor. The reaction temperatures are relatively low, with temperatures of about C. giving good yields in from 1 to 4 hours. The product mixture can be separated by means of fractional crystallization from pentane or by fractional sublimation if desired. A mixture of (CH Ad and (CH ),.AdX compounds can be used in preparing the nitrogen-containing compounds of the invention since (CH Ad is not reactive in the presently described synthesis.

The RLi reactants are readily prepared by reacting reagents, such as methyllithium or butyllithium with the corresponding amines, imines, piperidine and piperidine derivatives, amino alcohols, pyridyl alcohols or hydroxylamines. Exemplary of such nitrogen-containing precursors to the RLi reactants are ethylphenylamine, allylphenylamine, cyclohexylphenylamine, aniline, methylamine, diethylamine, di-Z-naphthylamine, dipentylamine, dioctadecylamine, di-Z-tolylamine, ethyleneimine, trimethyleneimine, alpha methylheptamethyleneimine, Z-allylpiperidine, 4-methyl-piperidine, B-butyI-piperidine, 2,2, 6,G-tetramethyl-piperidine, 2-propenyl-piperidine, piperolidine, ,B-(Z-pyridyD-ethanol, gamma-(4-pyridyl)propanol, B- (4-methylpyridyl-2) -ethauol, [3- 6-methylpyridyl) -2-ethanol, ,B-(3-ethylpyridyl-4)-ethanol, ethanolamine, 2-hydroxyethyl-4-tolylamine, dimethylethanolamine, bis(2-hydroxyethyDbutylamine, 2,2-dihydroxy butylethylamine, 2,2'-dihydroxy 2,2 dimethyldipentylamine, 2,2,2"-dipropylethylamine, triethanolamine, trispropanolamine, ethylhydroxylamine, diethylhydroxylamine, l-(hydroxyamino)propane, phenylhydroxylamine and the like.

The reaction of (CH ),,AdX with RLi can be carried out at from 20 to 100 C. and generally is complete in less than 24 hours at these temperatures. The reaction can he conducted in a solvent, such as ether or hexane. The reaction mixture can be extracted with hydrochloric acid, to obtain the hydrochloric acid salt of the described nitrogen-functional tetrasila-adamantanes. These salts are stable in the dilute acid and the adamantane compounds are easily regenerated by the addition of a base.

T adamantanes containing {-CH hNR functionality can be prepared by the reaction of (CH ),.Adl-I with allylamines. The hydrogen-functional tetrasila-adamantane precursors can be obtained from the reduction of the corresponding chloro-substituted adamantane in the presence of lithium aluminum hydride. Suitable allylamine reactants include allylphenylamine, allylcyclohexylamine, allyltolylamine and allylphenylmethylamine. The EAdH addition to CH =CHCH N= is convenienty carried out in a solvent, such as hexane, at reflux temperature. The addition reaction is catalyzed by a platinum compound, such as a platinum halide catalyst.

The salts of the tetrasila-adamantanes of the invention are emulsifying agents and can be utilized to form stable oil-water or water-oil emulsions. Only small amounts of the salts are used in forming stable emulsions and the optimum amount necessary for a particular emulsion can be easily determined by standard techniques.

The salts are readily formed by reaction of the adamantane compounds with dilute acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, substituted sulfonic acids, hydroiodide, hydrobromide, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. Quaternary ammonium salts can be obtained by alkylation with agents such as methyliodide, benzyl chloride, dimethylsulfate and methyl phosphate. Thus, the invention includes the anionic forms of the defined tetrasila-adamantanes, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, acetic, trichloroacetate, rnethylsulfate and the like. Such salts can be depicted as (CH AdR -ZY wherein Y'- is an anion and Z is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical derived from the alkylating agent, such as a methyl or benzyl group.

The following examples are illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting of the invention which is set forth in the claims.

EXAMPLE 1 Dimethylsilmethylene cyclic trimer (130 grams, 0.61 mole) was added to AlBr (22.5 grams, 0.085 mole) in a one-liter, three-neck round bottom flask connected to a gas bag throgh a cold trap. Upon applying heat, the temperature rose to approximately 100 C., then gradually decreased as the tetramethylsilane was formed. The condenser was allowed to warm and the tetramethylsilane was driven over into the cold trap. After approximately 2 hours, 85 percent of the theoretical amount of tetramethylsilane had been collected and the G.L.C. analysis indicated that no starting material remained. The reaction mixture was then diluted with benzene and acetone was added to quench the catalyst. Washing with water removed most of the catalyst.

The organic layer was washed further with dilute hydrochloric acid, rinsed with water and dried over sodium sulfate. The reaction mixture was distilled and the most volatile portion, (CH Ad was sublimed to the head of a spinning band column. The remaining material was a mixture of and (cH3)2AdBr2. Samples of each were isolated and characterized by mass spectroscopy, infrared and N.M.R.

Dimethylsilmethylene cyclic trimer was reacted in the presence of 27 weight percent AlCl following the abovedescribed procedure to give (CH AdCl in 18 percent yield.

EXAMPLE 2 Butyllithium (6.25 milliliters of 1:6 molar solution in hexane) was slowly added to n-C H NH (1.98 grams) to obtain nC l-I NHLi. A mixture of CH AdCl. which contained approximately 1.8 grams of (CH AdCl was reacted with the lithium salt by stirring at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was then extracted with a large excess of 5 percent hydrochloric acid to form the salt, (CH AdNH (n-C H -HC1. After separation and addition of fresh pentane, addition of sodium hydroxide to the aqueous phase gave (CH AdNH (n-C H which was isolated in 40 percent yield.

By substituting t-C H NH for the n-C H NH in the above reaction, (CH AdNH(t-C H was obtained.

EXAMPLE 3 Butyllithium (9.8 milliliters of 1.6 molar solution in hexane) was added to piperidine (1.0 milliliter) to form (CH )AdCl (1.44 grams) was then added. After 24 hours at room temperature, the reaction was complete as evidenced by periodic G.L.C. analysis. The reaction product was extracted with dilute hydrochloric acid to form the water soluble 69 G (CHaMAdN-(CHzhCl The nearly pure product was then extracted into pentane after adding excess sodium hydroxide to the aqueous phase. Evaporation of the pentane gave in 51 percent yield.

EXAMPLE 4 9 G tolhhxdoomcmsuomhoi Pentane and solid lithium hydroxide were added to the aqueous phase. After stirring and separation of the layers, (CH AdOCH CH N(CH with small amounts of impurities, was present in the organic layer. This purification technique was repeated giving an approximate 50 percent EXAMPLE 5 Methyllithium was reacted with diethylamine to give (C H NLi, which in turn was reacted with a mixture of (CH Ad and (CH AdBr. The raction product was extracted and purified by the previously described method to (CH3)3AdN(C2H5) EXAMPLE 6 Butyllithium was reacted with methylamine to give CH NHLi, which in turn was reacted with (CH AdCl. The reaction mixture was extracted with hydrochloric acid to obtain (CH AdNH(CH -HC1 as a crystalline product.

EXAMPLE 7 Sulfate and hydrochloride salts of tetrasila-adamantanes were utilized as emulsifying agents for mixtures of mineral oil and water. In forming the emulsions, 2 grams of mineral oil were mixed with 2 grams of aqueous hydrochloric or sulfuric acid (10 percent solutions) and 0.1 gram of the tetrasila-adamantane compound. The mixture was placed in a small vial and shaken vigorously. For purposes of comparison, amines which were used as precursors to the functional adamantanes were also tested (in the same manner) for effectiveness as emulsifiers. The composition of the compound tested, acid used and stability of the emulslon are given below:

Number Composition tested Acid present Emulsion characteristics (CHshNCH2CH1OH None No emulsion formed. 2 CH3MNCHICH2OH H 804 Do. 3 CHQzNCHzCHnOH 1501 Do. 4..- (CH3)1NCHlCH20-Ad(CHH)3 HiSOi Good water-oil emulsion-no change or separation alter 10 days. 5 (GHQ NCHgCHgO-AMCHQ H01 Good water-oil emulsion-no change or separation alter 10 days (no change or separation was observed in a, comparable emulsion after a period of 6 months).

6... [(CHs) ENCH2CH10]QAG(CH3): H01 Good water-oil emulsion-stable after 10 days. 7..- 4 o 1 H01 No emulsion. 8-.. C4119) NH-Ad(CHz) :1 H01 Good water-oil emulsion-no separation after 12 days. 9 C1115) zNCHzCHzO-Ad(CHa) H01 Good water-oil emulsion-stable after 10 days. 10-. (CH3) 2NCH2CH2OH H1804 No emulsion lormed. 11.. (CH5)2NCH2GH10'Ad(OH3)3 H2804 Good water-oil emulsion formed-stable for 10 days. 12.. C Hs) :NH H01 No emulsion formed. 13.. (CzHt)2N-A(1(CH3) s H01 Water'oil emulsion stable for a few minutes. 14.. CBHBNH] 1101 No emulsion formed. 15 (C0313) HN-Ad(CHs) 3 H01 Water-oil emulsion stable for a. few minutes.

1 Trlmethylsilyl-terminated dimethylpolysiloxane oil having a viscosity of 1,000 centistokes at 25 C. was substituted for the mineral oil component of the test mixture.

These data demonstrate the effectiveness of the sulfate and hydrochloride salts of the tetrasila-adamantanes as emulsifying agents.

EXAMPLE 8 Two moles of 11-C H (H)NLi in hexane solvent was reacted with 40 grams /2 mole of reactive chloride) of a mixture of CH AdCl and AdCL; at reflux for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was washed with water, extracted with dilute hydrochloric acid into the aqueous phase and then extracted into fresh hydrocarbon solvent by addition of sodium hydroxide. The product, a mixture of was isolated by distillation of the solvent. A small amount (-6 10 mole) of this product mixture was added to a mixture containing 2 milliliters of mineral oil, 2 milliliters of water and 0.06 gram (-6 10 of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Shaking of the mixture gave a water-oil emulsion in the oil phase which was stable for several hours.

It is to be noted that when using trior tetrasubstituted adamantanes as emulsifiers only suificient acid to protonate one or two of the nitrogen atoms is added. The fully protonated salts of such trior tetrasubstituted compounds are relatively ineffective as emulsifying agents.

EXAMPLE 9 Lithium aluminum hydride (0.5 gram) was added to 100 ml. of ether and refluxed in a three-necked flask equipped with a condenser for about one hour. A mixture Of and mol of AdX compound) in ether was added to the lithium aluminum hydride solution. The mixture was refluxed for 24 hours, after which ether and acetone were added. After refluxing for an additional hour and cooling to about room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into dilute hydrochloric acid. After separation of the phases, the aqueous phase was again extracted with ether. The solvent was allowed to evaporate to obtain a product containing (CH AdH.

When allylmethylphenylamine is reacted with the (CH AdH product in hexane containing chloroplatinic acid at reflux for about 18 hours, there is obtained as the product.

EXAMPLE 10 A small amount (0.5 gram) of (CH AdOCH CH N(CH 2 was mixed with 3 grams of methyliodide. The quaternization reaction was complete within 30 minutes. The quaternary salt,

(Cm)3AdOCHzCH3(CH3)8I was filtered, washed with hexane and dried to obtain a. quantitative yield of the product. The quaternary salt structure was confirmed by N.M.R. analysis. The salt (0.05 gram) was mixed with 2 ml. of water and 2 ml. of mineral oil to form an emulsion which remained stable after one week. For purposes of comparison, dimethylethanolamine and the methyliodide salt thereof were tested as emulsifiers in the above described oil and water mixture. Neither acted as emulsifiers.

Another quaternary salt,

(CHa)aAdN(C2H5)2CI-I3I was obtained by mixing (CH AdN(C H with a tenfold excess of methyliodide and adding hexane to the mixture to preci itate the roduct. This salt also acted as emulsifying agent for mineral oil-water mixtures whereas triethylamine and the methyliodide salt thereof had no such eifect.

Reasonable modification and variation are within the scope of the invention which is directed to novel tetrasilaadamantane compounds.

That which is claimed is:

1. A tetrasila-adamantane of the formula in which R is a nitrogen-containing substituent selected from the group consisting of the NR radical wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and monovalent hydrocarbon, said hydrocarbon radical being selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloaliphatic of 5 to 6 carbon atoms, alkaryl of 6 to 9 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 6-9 carbon atoms, phenyl and naphthyl, no more than one R radical being a hydrogen atom; and the radical wherein Q is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 9 inclusive carbon atoms; and R is independently selected from the group consisting of the methyl radical and R radicals.

2. A compound in accordance with claim 1 wherein the R substituent is of the formula --NR 3. A compound in accordance with claim 2 wherein at least one R substituent is a methyl radical.

4. A compound in accordance with claim 3 wherein all of the R substituents are methyl radicals.

5. A compound in accordance with claim 4 wherein R is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 inclusive carbon atoms.

6. A compound in accordance with claim 5 wherein R is a -N(C H radical.

7. A compound in accordance with claim 4 wherein R is a hydrogen atom.

8. A compound in accordance with claim 7 wherein R is a N(H)C H radical.

9. A compound in accordance with claim 1 wherein R is a radical.

10. A compound in accordance with claim 9 wherein radical.

13. The amine hydrochloride salt of the compound f laim 1...

14. The sulfate salt of the compound of claim 1. References Cited 15. The amine hydroiodide salt of the compound of UNITED STATES PATENTS claim 1. I

16. The amine hydrobromide salt of the compound of 22 38;? 1% claim 1. 5

17. The sulfonate salt of the compound of claim 1. 363l197 12/1971 Klosowskl et 2604432 B 18. The phosphate salt of the compound of claim 1. HENRY LES, Primary Examiner 19. The acetate salt of the compound of claim 1. 20. The trichloroacetate salt of the compound of TODD Asslstant Examiner 10 dam us. c1. X.R.

21. A quaternary ammonium salt of the compound of claim Y 260-239 A, 239 E, 239 B, 326.61, 448.2 D; 252-357 

